Discuss the multiple theories of reading that are presented in Essay

Discuss the multiple theories of reading that are presented in Northanger Abbey. How might they lead us to create a theory of reading for real readers, and why might this theory be important - Essay Example The novel encompasses a strong morale, guidance for the choice for true companion and shows how other considerations are mere shallow. ‘Northanger Abbey’ can be treated as a torch bearer of the Austen canon. Very rightly, it upholds or clearly indicates the theme of Jane’s forthcoming novels. As a literary piece, the novel has a great value. ‘Northanger Abbey’ encompasses within its plot, few frivolities of the Eighteenth century literature and encapsulates many of the contemporary fiction and their genre. The novel, ‘Northanger Abbey’ is often claimed by critics as â€Å"earliest and least perfect†. It is also criticized that ‘Northanger Abbey’, â€Å"lacks the narrative sophistication of the later works†. But the main fact is quite different from all these criticism. Within its limited scope, Austen tried to portray a discursive description of what a fiction might be. He precisely shows the way that how a novel should be written and most importantly, read. The heroine of ‘Northanger Abbey’ Catherine is deliberately portrayed as a complete deviation from the conventional heroines of Eighteenth century fictions. Catherine is simple and notably undistinguished. She is a girl from a middle-class family and she falls in love with her hero, much before the hero of Austen’s ‘Northanger Abbey’ put any of his serious thoughts on the girl. All these deviations prove that Austen desperately wanted to re-shape and re-evalu ate Eighteenth century fiction and its reading pattern along with the writing style. This is also a vital reason for manifesting the plot of ‘Northanger Abbey’ in a fashion of a parody for Gothic Fiction. ‘Northanger Abbey’ is indeed an important literary document; purely concomitant to the Radcliffeian popularity, and is truly a literary landmark. It is more than a mere debunking sentimental Gothic novel. It is a serious attempt to depose a narrative technique that challenges the stress on characters by Richardson and

Are juvenile more likely to be dysfunctial from single parent homes Essay

Are juvenile more likely to be dysfunctial from single parent homes - Essay Example Reynolds has referred to the comment of Yoshikawa (2004) that while the average expense for pre school intervention for a child is about 5000 USD, the average yearly expense for juvenile detention or incarceration is more than 30,000 USD and the results are not guaranteed in the latter case. Inner city region of Chicago was chosen as the program was implemented in the poorest neighbourhoods that have been associated with high unemployment, low social control and low quality schools that are predictors for delinquency and anti social behaviour. Reynolds (2008) points out that the tests conducted where based on certain indicators of delinquency such as school attendance, promiscuous behaviour, theft, aggressive behaviour and fighting and so on. Parents were encouraged and asked to attend counselling sessions for children. The author reports that delinquency incidents for children where both parents attended the sessions and homes where both parents were present showed a reduction of 30%. On the other hand, children who came from homes with a single parent, typically the mother who worked the whole day showed a remarked reported increase in the incidents of delinquency by as much as 47%. There were other factors such as education of the parents, income levels, if the single parent was an alcoholic or drug addict and so on. While the research was very professionally conducted, the author has hypothesised that Juvenile Delinquency is only in poor and black neighbourhoods. Studies should also be performed among middle class white youths to form a relational study that children from single parent homes have a higher tendency to commit juvenile delinquency incidents. Demuth (2004) has researched the occurrence between juvenile delinquency and single mother family versus two-parent family and single father family. This study was designed to identify the means by which single parent increases delinquency and if effect is mainly a function of parental